1- Enough ought to be stated, however, to trace his development from slave to freeman, and his preparation for the platform where he secured his hearing and (14) was earning his fame.
14.
Choice B is the best answer because the tense is consistent with the previous verb in the simple past “secured”, so the correct tense is “earned”. Choice A is incorrect because “was earning” is in the past continuous” to which there is no indication in the clause. Choice C is incorrect because “has earned” creates an inappropriate shift to the present perfect tense. Choice D is incorrect because “was earned” indicates the passive voice where the performer of the action is not known; however, the pronoun he, the subject of the clause, necessitates the use of the active voice.
2- On Colonel Lloyd’s plantation Douglass spent four years of the slave life of which his graphic description on the platform stirred (21) humane, hearts to righteous judgment of an unrighteous institution.
21.
Choice A is incorrect because there is a comma separating the modifier and the noun. Choice B is correct because the modifier and modified, “humane” and “hearts” respectively, are correctly juxtaposed. Choices C and D are also incorrect because they separate the adjective and the noun.
3- Many rocks, such as granite, are (39) made in grains of various minerals which differ in color and in their capacity to absorb heat, and which therefore contract and expand in different ratios.
39.
Choice A and B are incorrect because “made in” would indicate a place where the rocks are formed, and “made with” would mean someone actually makes the rocks with minerals. Choice C is correct because the phrasal verb "made up of” means “consists of”, and choice D does not make sense.
4- There is a sharp and sudden fall of temperature after sunset, and the rocks, strongly heated by day, (41) are effected and now chilled perhaps even to the freezing point.
41.
Choice D is correct because “are affected” means “are acted upon” and is the proper usage. Choice A is the wrong diction because “are effected” means “are brought about”. Choice B is wrong because it means they (the rocks) brought about a certain change, and the usage of the active voice is wrong here. Choice C is the wrong voice because it is missing the verb “to be”.
5- As a thought, it probably reflected the secret opinion of every engineer present, for, however (3) unaffected of intended wrong-doing engineers assuredly are as a group in their work of scientific investigation and development, (4) the statement that engineers were responsible for the conflict then raging in Europe was absolute truth.
3. Which word best fits the meaning of the sentence?
Choice B is correct because the context clue “however” shows a contrast to what is mentioned at the end of the sentence and that is “the statement … was absolute truth”. This means they were not innocent of “intended wrongdoing”. They were guilty. Choice A is wrong because engineers did not bring about change upon themselves. choice C is wrong because it is incorrect in the context, and choice D would contradict the meaning specifically because of the word “however”.